Early Queen Development in Honey Bees: Social Context and Queen Breeder Source Affect Gut Microbiota and Associated Metabolism

ABSTRACT The highly social honey bee has dense populations but a significantly reduced repertoire of immune genes relative to Body Wash solitary species, suggesting a greater reliance on social immunity.Here we investigate immune gene expression and gut microbial succession in queens during colony introduction.Recently mated queens were placed into

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Water Quality Indicator Interval Prediction in Wastewater Treatment Process Based on the Improved BES-LSSVM Algorithm

This paper proposes a novel interval prediction method for effluent water quality indicators Mens Jackets (including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N)), which are key performance indices in the water quality monitoring and control of a wastewater treatment plant.Firstly, the effluent data regarding BOD/NH3-N and their nec

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